Effect of Raw Material Preparation on Rice Vermicelli Quality

Kulit ikan belut dan lele berpotensi untuk diekstrak gelatinnya. Kulit ikan belut dan lele tidak bersisik, berlendir dan berlemak untuk ikan lele, berbeda dengan kulit ikan pada umumnya yang dijadikan gelatin. Penelitian ini mempelajari tentang gelatin kulit ikan belut dan lele dari segi rendemen dan komposisi proksimat. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengeringan, kondisi kulit segar dan kering juga dipelajari. Tahapan ekstraksi yang dilakukan untuk keseluruhan jenis ikan sama, kecuali penanganan kulit ikan kering yang sebelumnya direndam dalam air selama 4 jam. Kulit ikan direndam kembali dalam 0,05M asam asetat selama 10 jam, kemudian dicuci dan diekstraksi dengan aquadest pada suhu 80OC selama 2 jam, cairan yang didapat difiltrasi. Filtratnya dikeringkan dalam cabinet dryer suhu 55OC selama 48 jam hingga diperoleh lembaran gelatin, kemudian diblender menjadi granula gelatin.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gelatin kulit ikan kering mempunyai rendemen sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan gelatin dari kulit ikan segarnya. Kadar protein gelatin kulit ikan kering telihat tinggi dibandingkan kulit segarnya. Pengeringan kulit ikan berpengaruh pada penurunan kadar abu dan lemak, namun tidak mempengaruhi kadar air gelatin hasil ekstraksi. Gelatin kulit segar ikan lele memiliki nilai rendemen tertinggi yaitu 22,01%. Komposisi proksimat yang terbaik diantara keseluruhan kondisi dan jenis kulit dapat dilihat pada gelatin kulit segar ikan belut dimana memiliki kadar air 9,91%; kadar abu 3,07%; kadar protein 91,61%; dan kadar lemak 0,82%.Skin of swam ell and catfish were potential to gelatin extracted. Swamp ell skin doesn’t have scales, with much mucus and a few fat for catfish, it’s different from another fish skin that gelatin extracted usually. This research was studied yield and proximate gelatin extracted from skin of swam ell and catfish. Influence of drying was observed too.The first stage of the research was raw material preparation (fresh and dry fish skin) soaked in aquadest for 4 hours. Fish skin extracted using 0,05 M acetic acid for 10 hours, washed in water and then extracted using aquadest at 80OC for 2 hours to get gelatin liquid, the liquid was filtrated. Filtrat was dried in cabinet dryer at 55OC for 48 hours to get gelatin layers, and then blended to get gelatin granule. The results were gelatin yield from dry fish skin lower than fresh fish skin. Gelatin protein from dry fish skin more higher than fresh skin. Influence of fish skin drying was decrease gelatin ash and fat, but gelatin moisture wasn’t influenced. Gelatin from fresh skin swamp ell was the best gelatin with moisture 9,91%, ash 3,07%, protein 91,61%, lipid 0,82%.

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Changes in Late Funnel Beaker Pottery at the End of the 4th Millennium BC on the Polish Lowland: Case of Mrowino, Site 3. Preliminary Report on Mineralogical and Petrographic Research

Baltic-Pontic Studies ◽

10.2478/bps-2019-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 204-219

Author(s):

Anna Rauba-Bukowska ◽

Marzena Szmyt ◽

Danuta Żurkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Igneous Rock ◽

Preliminary Report ◽

Ceramic Body ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Raw Material ◽

The Core ◽

Boulder Clay ◽

Funnel Beaker Culture ◽

Petrographic Study ◽

Material Preparation

Abstract Archaeological site no. 3 at Mrowino is located on the Polish Lowland, in the Greater Poland region. It was excavated from 1973 until 1980. The excavation produced very rich movable finds, with the core of them being formed by Funnel Beaker culture (FBC) ceramics. The collections hold over 37,500 FBC pottery shards and several intact or reconstructed vessels. The vast majority of pottery comes from an FBC settlement dated to 3300-3150 BC. The pottery set includes vessels of clear Baden culture connections. For the mineral-ogical and petrographic study, 40 samples were selected to identify mineral and rock components of the ceramic body and compare the ways of raw-material preparation. In the studied samples, boulder clay in all probability was used to make the vessels. All studied samples were made from clay with grog and a small amount of sand as temper. In addition, several samples contained igneous rock crumbs. To find out if this was a deliberate or accidental admixture, it is necessary to carry out further research.

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Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel, Perbandingan Jumlah Pelarut dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Perolehan Rendemen Aquilaria Malaccensis Lam.

REACTOR: Journal of Research on Chemistry and Engineering ◽

10.52759/reactor.v2i2.40 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah ◽

Hasnah Ulia ◽

Harmiwati N. H

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Operating Time ◽

Raw Material ◽

Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽

Cosmetic Industry ◽

The World ◽

The Difference ◽

Size Of Particles ◽

Material Preparation

Aquilaria Malaccensis Lam. is one of the most popular plants contains essential oil, both of them used by pharmaceutical and also cosmetic industry. The plants used in this study came from Jambi, Indonesia which is known, It’s one of the best quality agarwood in the world. This study aims to determine the best conditions for the yield so that it can be produced on an industrial scale. The study reviewed the effect of yield based on size of particles, ratio of solvent, and the operating time, maceration. The research was carried out in three steps. The first, raw material preparation, fermentation and maceration, and then evaporation. Preparation of raw materials is prepared in three variables, 2-5 cm, ±2cm, and size <40 mesh. Methanol is the solvent that will be used in multiple ratio of solvent to agarwood, its 1:7, 1:9, and 1:11(gr/ml). In addition, the maceration time was varied for each sample, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days. Based on the research variables, obtained essential oil of agarwood dark brown in colour, with a special fragrance of agarwood. Based on the difference in particle size, it is known that size <40 mesh, yield is 3.16%, while for the larger size, 2-5 cm, the yield is 3.12%. In the variable ratio of the amount of solvent used, it is known that 1:9 (gr/ml) is the best point for yield. At maceration step known that 2-3 days, it doesn’t gives a significant change, 2.12 g for 3 days, and 1.92 g for 2 days.

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Effect of negative factors on the use of oak and beech for decorative veneers

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4702-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 281-289

Author(s):

P. Král ◽

J. Hrázský

Keyword(s):

Relative Position ◽

Smooth Surface ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Raw Material ◽

Institutional Research ◽

Uniform Thickness ◽

Suitable Material ◽

Negative Factors ◽

Material Preparation

The paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at the analysis of relationships between the quality of decorative veneers of oak and beech and negative factors decreasing the use of veneers. Effects of factors were assessed in the preparation, storage and protection of a raw material, treatment of logs before slicing and stay-log cutting and in the manufacture of veneers proper. Intensity of spraying was measured, protection of raw material during storage and regimes of hydrothermic preparation were assessed. Qualitative yield was determined in 386 logs of a diameter from 34 to 66 cm comparing four methods of cutting: half-round cutting and two-sized slicing with half-round cuttingand stay-log cutting of ahalf-round log and a whole log. The quality of veneers is also affected by the relative position and quality of cutting tools. Results of the paper consist in conclusions and recommendations for the better and more complete use of oak and beech to obtain quality veneers. The paper sets conditions for storage and protection, raw material preparation and regimes of hydrothermic treatment. Based on the research results we recommend to cut logs of oak of 30 to 40 cm diameter from two opposite sides (two-sided slicing) with the subsequent cutting into two parts. Each of the parts is sliced separately to a residual board. It is suitable logs of oak of 40 to 66 cm diameter to be lengthwise trimmed from two or four faces and then cut into two parts. It is recommended logs of beech of 30 to 44 cm diameter to be stay-log cut without lengthwise division in the whole log and logs over 44 cm diameter to be stay-log cut when divided into two parts. The necessary precondition of a quality veneer with a smooth surface and uniform thickness is keeping the geometry of cutting tools. It is necessary to check regularly determined parameters of a knife and nose bar in relation to a bolt. The nose bar and knife have to be made from a suitable material not causing colouring.

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Investigating the Effects of Water in Feedstock on the Energetic Efficiency of Producing Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10217474 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 7474

Author(s):

Zhenwei Han ◽

Chuanlei Fu

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Raw Material ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Important Research ◽

Research Fields ◽

Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers ◽

Vapor Liquid Equilibria ◽

Material Preparation ◽

Water Contents

Large-scale eco-efficient production of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn) has garnered wide attention as environmental-friendly diesel additives. Among the various PODEn research studies, the effect of water on the PODEn process is one of the most important research fields. In this work, the effects of water content in feedstock on the reboiler duty of the PODEn process were analyzed by rigorous simulation. To ensure the accuracy of the model, vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) data of PODE2-H2O were measured and the model was regressed by using the experimental data. Furthermore, the production process consisting of raw material preparation section and PODEn synthesis section was evaluated by comparing it with the various water contents (0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 g/g) in feedstock. We found the reboiler duty in the case of 0.10 g/g water in feedstock was lowest (77.99 MJ/kg), which is even lower than anhydrous case (100.24 MJ/kg). The results suggest that the water can be appropriately allowed in the production, which can reduce the reboiler duty of the PODEn.

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Selenium refining and raw-material preparation and associated problems.

RESOURCES PROCESSING ◽

10.4144/rpsj1986.44.69 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 69-73

Author(s):

KAZUYA KOYAMA

Keyword(s):

Raw Material ◽

Material Preparation

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Preparation of raw materials, creation of compositions and granulation from obsolete sludge, peat and biomass

Кераміка наука і життя ◽

10.26909/csl.1.2021.2 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Zh.O. Petrova ◽

Yu.P. Novikova

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Ash Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Optimal Ratio ◽

Two Component ◽

Material Preparation

The article presents research on the preparation of raw materials, creation and granulation of compositions from obsolete sludge deposits of peat and biomass. Studies of raw material preparation processes have shown that obsolete sludge deposits have excessive ash content. To reduce ash content, it is advisable to add peat and biomass to sludge. During the study of peat, it was determined that peat extracted from the floodplain of Irpen has a high ash content, so for further research used peat from Chernihiv. The created compositions were subjected to granulation in different compositions and ratios. Preliminary dehydration of peat in the drying cabinet and moistening of the sludge were performed to create different sludge-peat mixtures with different moisture content of sludge and peat. When creating two-component compositions to sludge-peat add biomass. Studies have allowed us to choose the optimal ratio for granulation.

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CHANGES IN AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BLOOD PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE DEPENDING ON THE RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION MATERIAL

Veterinary Science Today ◽

10.29326/2304-196x-2018-2-25-47-52 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

M. N. Guseva ◽

М. A. Shevchenko ◽

D. S. Bolshakov ◽

M. I. Doronin ◽

D. V. Mikhalishin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Composition ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Raw Material ◽

Blood Protein ◽

Acid Growth ◽

Animal Blood ◽

The Difference ◽

Material Preparation

The raw material for blood protein hydrolysate preparation is whole animal blood, its clots and other serum production wastes. The dependence of amino acid composition of blood protein hydrolysate on the season of the raw material preparation was studied. The research lasted three years. It was demonstrated that the amino acid composition changed depending on the season. The peak, as a rule, was during summer months when their amount increased by 1.2–2.3 times and during autumn and winter it went down by 1.2–1.4 times (the difference is considerable, р < 0,05). The peak of glutamic and asparagine acid growth was in November when their amount was 1.4 times higher then during the previous months (р < 0,01). The increase of alanine, asparagine, valine, lysine, methionine, histidine, proline, tyrosine, threonine, and phenylalanine by 1.3–1.8 times was observed in March (the difference is considerable, р < 0,05). The amount of histidine, glycine, leucine, serine, and tryptophane in the beginning of spring was at the same level and the amount of arginine, asparagine, isoleucine in March decreased by 1.2–1.6 times (the difference is considerable, р < 0,01). So, it was determined that the dynamics of BPH amino acid composition was directly associated with the seasonal dynamics of physiological and biochemical cattle blood values. It was noted that in case of considerable change in absolute amino acid parameters their relative amount, in general, remained constant.

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Industrial technologies for processing waste oils

World of OIL Products the Oil Companies Bulletin ◽

10.32758/2071-5951-2021-0-1-44-57 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 44-57

Author(s):

L. Stan'kovski ◽

◽

V.A. Dorogochinskaya ◽

B.P. Tonkonogov ◽

A.A. Molokanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Lubricating Oil ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Waste Oils ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Distillate Fractions ◽

Material Preparation ◽

Selection Of

A brief review of the state of collection, disposal and processing of used oils shows the availability of their resource in the country and the main trends in the organization of qualified collection, disposal and processing according to the lubricating oil version. The relevant technologies are given for individual stages and in general for enterprises, the choice of which depends on the quality and characteristics of raw materials. The advantage of the technological scheme, including coagulation purification at the stage of raw material preparation and vacuum distillation with the selection of distillate fractions and the residue, followed by additional purification of the residue, is shown. The use of this technology makes it possible to increase the yield and quality of the target product, which is practically impossible for the raw materials currently available in the Russian Federation using other technologies.

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